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How to make a Simple .deb file

References

http://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/packaging-new-software.html
http://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/debian-dir-overview.html
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/Debian-Binary-Package-Building-HOWTO/#AEN66
https://raphaelhertzog.com/2010/12/17/do-not-build-a-debian-package-with-dpkg-b/
https://raphaelhertzog.com/debian-packaging/

Standard debian notation is all lowercase in the following format

<project>_<major_version>.<minor_version>-<package revision>

Example:

helloworld_1.0-1

Step by Step

create a directory to make my package in. the name should be same as the package name mkdir helloword_1.0-1
Pretend that the packaging directory is actually that root of the file system. Put the files of your program where they would be installed to on a system.

mkdir helloworld_1.0-1/user
mkdir helloworld_1.0-1/user/local
mkdir helloworld_1.0-1/user/local/bin
cp "~/Projects/Hello World/helloworld" helloworld_1.0-1/usr/local/bin

Create a special metadata file with which the package manager will install your program

mkdir helloword_1.0-1/DEBIAN
touch helloword_1.0-1/DEBIAN/control
Put something like this in that file
Package: helloworld
Version: 1.0-1
Section: base
Priority: optional
Architecture: i386
Depends: libsomethingorrather (>= 1.2.13), anotherDependency (>= 1.2.6)
Maintainer: Your Name <you@email.com>
Description: Hello World
 When you need some sunshine, just run this
 small program!

 (the space before each line in the description is important)

You just need to make the package

dpkg-deb --build helloworld_1.0-1

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